Shaving device



N ov. 1l, 194.1.

G. DALKOWITZ sHAvING DEVICE Filed April 25, 1938 *INVNTORodfrej/Dalkawz'tz n Patented Nav. 11, 1941 1 sHAvING DEVICE GodfreyDalkowitz, Brooklyn, N. Y., assgnor to American Safety RazorCorporation, Brooklyn,

N. Y.,.a corporation of Virginia l Application April 25, 1 938, SerialNo. 204,130

y(ci. en -4s) n 9 Claims.` My present invention relates to shavingVinstru` ments generally referred to asfdry shavers and in which theshaving operation is effected without the use of creams, detergents oriiuids.

Dry shavers generally function `upon the clip, n

per principle in that the hairs to `be shaved are led into a channel oropening ina relatively stationary member and there clipped short by asecond member moved relatively to the stationary member. This is theprinciple which is employed` for animal shearing, hair cutting and othersimilar clipping operations. C

The employment of this clipper principle for shaving purposes, presentsmany problems, such as the sensitiveness of the face toirritation, the;`

irregularities of its contours, the varying lengths of the hairs `tobecut, the tendency of hairs to curl and to hug the face, and therequisite for a. satisfactory shave, that nevertheless all the hairsshall be clipped to the face Without burning, cut,l

ting or otherwise irritatingthe face, and that the shaving operationshall be effected in a minimum of time.

1 It is among the objects of my invention to provide a dry shaver inwhich those problems WillA have been met and solved.

n Inhave herein illustrated my invention as enibodied in orassociatedwith a clipper of the type used for shearing and hair cutting purposes,and in which the stationary and the movable mem, ber are each providedwith spaced laterally pro` jecting teeth and the two are so associatedthat upon the relative movement therebetween,` the teeth of the latterwill pass by those of thev other to clip any hairs entering the spacebetweenthe teeth of the stationary member, as the shaver is moved acrossthe face. In this type of clipper, the relative movement between the two`members is generally a reciprocation in a straight line, referencebeing had to the` conventional hair clipper used by a barber. It will beunderstood, however,

then guided into the space between the-teeth of l the stationary member,and in accordance with hair. y

predetermined character and related predeterminately to thespacesbetween the teeth of the `stationary member. I have found that thispredetermination of thecharacter of the slots in the guard member andtheir relationship to the spacesbetween the teeth of the stationarymember of the dry shaver can be more effectively attained by making theguard or comb member as a Iseparate and independent entity and thenassociating it with a dry shaver by an assembly operation.

The effectiveness of the proper predetermination of the character ofslots is fully attained by properly relating the guard or comb to theslots in the stationary or combmember and for this reason my inventioncontemplates further that the guard member be manufactured as a separateelement and associated with the shaver by an assembly operation so thatthe aforementioned predetermined characteristics may be more assuredlyattained. n y

It is a further objectof my invention to provide a dry shaver of partsso devised as to be capable of being manufactured economically and `ofmaterials most effective from the standpoint p ter to cooperatetherewith, constructed and associated to function efliciently in thecutting of the hairs and Aalso in the discharge of the cut `It isanother object of my invention to provide a` dry shaver comprising meansfor preventing the entry of the cut hair between the contacting slidingportions of the fixed and movable parts,

\ and clogging the razor so as to interfere with the my invention, thisprovision takes the form `of a slotted guard or comb associated withand, posi- `tioned laterally of the ends `of the teeth in the stationarymember, the slots of which are'of `a efficient action thereof.

It is a further object of my invention to: provide, with a dry shavercomprising stationary and movable members cooperating for hair cuttingpurposes,` separately "formed guard and spacer members-'also associatedand constructed to facilitate the' discharge of the cut hairs. p

Among theV general `objects of my invention are:` the provision, as anattachment to the face engaging plate of a dry shaver, of a separatelyformed guard member to be associated therewith in hair guiding relationthereto and which, when associated therewith, will guide the hair intothe spaces formed between the shearing edges in the face plate and willdo sowithout irritating or burning'the face; and more particularly, thepro.- `vision for such purposes of a combor guard member having slotscomprising relatively wide and narrow portions, the provision of a dryshaver of the character referred to, having associated therewith andforming part thereof, a guard member of the character and for thepurposes set forth; the provision of a new and useful dry shavercomprising parts which can be made inexpensively and of materials`serving most effectively from the standpoint of the manufacture and useof these parts and of a design to permit of quick and inexpensiveassembly of these parts and which, when assembled, provide anefficiently functioning dry shaver; and the provision in 'a dry shaver,of an arrangement whereby the cut hair and other debris arefreely-'discharged fromv the razor and the danger of 'clogging of the.razor is eliminated and more particularly this arrangement in a dryshaver provided with ,separately formed guards in abutting relationthereto as hereinafter more fully set forth.

For the attainment of these objects and such -oth'erobjects as willhereinafter Vappear or be pointed out, I have illustrated embodiments ofmy invention in'the drawing, wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspectiveview showing a shaving head completelyassembled with -guards or combs and mounted in a handle;

Figure 2 is a sectional View on an enlarged scale substantially on theline 2-2 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is an exploded View on a scale llarger than that of Figure 1showing in perspectivethe .component parts of the assembly of Figure lconstituting the shaving head;

Figure 4 is an enlarged vtop plan View of the movable cutting member ofthe shaver Figure 5 is a sectional View, with portions broken away,substantially on the lines 5-5 of Figures 4 and 6;

Figure 6 is an end View of the movable cutting member shown in Figure 4;and

Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view,lsubstantially on the line '1 1 of Figure 1.

It will be observed that in Figure l, I show a shavinghead A, mounted inIa handle B. The latter feature does not constitute part of myvinvention and may be dismissed with the general statement that it maybe of any suitable or preferred type, such, for example, as a casingwithin which vmay be positioned a Ysource of mo- 'tive powen'such. as anelectric motor,'for imparting relative movement to the shaving headparts. My present invention resides in the shaving head and in theguards or combs to be assembled therewith.

The shaving head has been illustrated as comprising generally a faceengaging plate 0, a movable cutter 20 and the guard members 40associated therewith.

The face engaging plate is generally elongated and in the embodimentherein disclosed, is provided with outwardly directed teeth along itslongitudinally extended edges.

Projecting centrally downwardly from the centrally imperforate orunslotted portion of the face engaging plate is a longitudinallyextended rib 4 from each end of which extends downwardly a leg |'5provided with a perforation I6 all as andV for the purposes to beshortly pointed out.

A movable cutter is shown at 2D. By referring particularly to Figures 4,and 6, which show this cutter on an enlarged scale, it will be observed`that it comprises two upwardly directed -walls v22, spaced aparta:sucient distanceto receive between them in relatively close engagementthe rib |4 extended downwardly from the face engaging member I. Thewalls 22 are held together by a pair of web members 2| which are spacedfrom each other for a purpose that will be set forth hereinafter.

Extending laterally from each of these two walls 22 are the cuttingteeth 24 which have been shown as fewer in number than the teeth on eachedge of the face engaging plate l0, and in the drawing they have beenillustrated as being approximately one tooth in the movable cutterforeach two teeth of the stationary cutter.

It willbe observed that the longitudinal extent of Vthemembers 2| isless than the distance between the inner opposed walls of the legs |5|5extending downwardly from the face engaging plate l() and also less thanthat of the walls 22.

`By this arrangement the movable cutter can be associated with the faceplate or stationary cutter, with the rib I4 of the stationary cutterengaged in the space between the-two `walls 22 ofthe movable cutter sothat the movable cutter 20 can be longitudinally reciprocated withreference to the stationary cutter. This is permitted bythe relativelyshorter longitudinal extent of the webs 2| than the space between thelegs l5 of the-stationary cutter.

The space between the webs 2| is adapted to receive therewithin one endof a reciprocating memberD (see Figure '7) which serves to impart areciprocating movementto the `cutter l2|).

Depending from each Wall 22, and in effect forming an extension thereof,and also extending below the webs 2|, is a rib or flange 23. 'Iheresulting form ofthe cross-section of the cutter may be 'described asthat of the letter H. The 'inner wall of each rib 23 is offset inrelation to the inside of the wall 22 for apurpose that will appearhereinafter.

'Upon a reciprocation of the movable cutter the cutting operation iseffected in the following manner. As the shaver is moved across the facegenerally in the -direction of the slots between the teeth 1, that is,at an angle .to thelongest dimension of the .face engaging plate, a hair,guided into thefspace' between two adjacent teeth Lment suchas thatshown in Figure 7, wherein Loneor ,more pins '3| are employed. Each pinis ,provided Awith a collar or flange-32 rand'nasvits vupper 'end.33ifreely y.received throughxthe Venlarged opening vBllthrough the endwall ,'33 vof the `casing B and its lower end .3G freely receivedthrough the enlarged opening 31 .in :the bracket arm 38 supported andconstructed inlanydesired or preferred manner. `A'yielding'pressure mem-`'bersuch-as Ya spiral spring A39 is engagedlbetweenthe Vcollar 432 Yandthe arm-38. The upper ends"33`of`thepins 3| engagethe webs 2| of themovable cutter as by being seated in depressions on the bottom "facethereof. 'By this arrange- .ment yielding pressure'will -be appliedAtomainltainthecutters in contact andthe pinsinfuncn fag-"262,390`tiomngffor this 'purpose mute free to incline f laterally with themovement of the moving cutter.

- Upon viewing` Figure 2, it will be observedthat the teeth I'Igraduallyv taper in thickness to a relatively' thin edge. I`- accomplishithisf? by curvedly contouring the upperfsurface of the face engagingplate Iinc1uding"lthe laterally projectedteeth sov as t'o cause the faceengaging plate to be thickest at thecenter and to gradually thin outtowards the extreme ends of the teeth.

The lower surface `ofthe face engaging plate is shown as `flat `andisengagedby the correspondthat the guard members 40 are so'assembledwith a-dry shaver such as that hereinabove `described as to bring theminto directV contactiwith4 the -ends of the clipper teeth I'Iof` thestationary cutter, and uponf viewing Figure `3 foffthe drawing,

it will be further observed that these guard members are provided withslots of the character to `be described more in detail, which', in theirasser`nbled relation, register withr and open 'intothe `spacesbetween-the teeth I1 of the `stationary cutter. It will further beobserved thatthe alternative or varied contours of the upper `surface ofthe face engaging plate Il) including the teeth I'I` iscontinued intothe upper `surface of these f guard members.

In order to maintain the guards in the `aforementioned relationship tothe stationary Acutter and in the relationship to the movable cutter tobe hereinafter referred to, I employ spacer plates been illustrated inthe drawingas lcated below the movable cutter and each ashaving a wall Ion its upper portion which inclines* downwardly in a lateral or outwarddirection.

Extending upwardly above the wall 5| is a rib manner I am `enabled `tomanufacturethel elements IU and I4 of tool-steel, which subjects itselfto a hardening process, and the `element I5 of cold rolled orlow carbonsteel, .which does not subject itself to a hardening' process by "heattreatment, and in this manner the drilling of the holeslfthroughthe legslislfacilitated.

`Inthe drawing I have illustrated thefguard `members as widened at thetop forgiving the sufficient depth to the slots and this I accomplishbythe provision of the overhanging flanges 43 `which willserveyadvantageously in the shaving operation. A

i, Reference willi now be had to Figures 2l and `3 of the drawing toAshow my manner ofproviding for" the discharge of cut hairs. It will beobserved that therelationship and'contours of the movable cutter and thespacer members 50 are i such as to provide a space 'II freely open tothe spaces between the teeth of 4the m'ovable cutter, `andthat thisspace has its bottom wall l(the inclined top wall 5I of the spacermembers) in-` clined downwardly outwardly and opening exteriorly of theshaver through openings 'I3provided in the guard members,` the lowerAwalls 'I5 ofthese openings being inclined andin effecta continuation ofthe inclined top wall of the spacer member.- This construction willserve to ef.-

`fectivelydischarge `the cuthairs fromthe shaver through theopenings 13.The inclination of the outer walls lBiof the guardmembers serves to iassist in the outward discharge of the cut hairs, while movement ofthecutihairs inwardly is prevented by the "overlapping ribs 23 and 52,of the 5I), one for each side. u Thesespacer plates have 52 sodimensionedthat it will t into the space dueto the offsetting `of therib 23 of the cutter 2U, so that, as clearly appears from Figure 2,these parts may assume an overlapping relation in which they slide overeach other and from a closure for preventing entrance of the cut hairstherebetween and into the space underneath the by clogging of the shaverparts is prevented.

cutter 20 and the spacer 5I), respectively.

In order` to `reinforce the shaver parts,.I may provide ridges or raisedportions 80 at the ends ,:of 'the member II] and similarly widenedportion i 8| wat the endsof theguard, in raised portions 80. i `While Ihave herein: disclosed registry with the connection with details ofconstruction of certain embodiments, it will be understood that this isdone merely for illustrative purposes and that it is not intended thatthe scope of my invention shall be limited thereby unless and insofar assuch limitations are called for by the prior art.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claimas new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: rib I4 of the faceengaging member I0, and there- The two spacer plates and the two guardmembers are perforated as shown at 53 and 54 so that when the spacerplates and the guard members are assembled laterally about thedownwardly projecting legs I3 of the face engaging plate, the bottom ofall of these members and parts will be in aicommon plate as shown inFigure 2 and the parts comprising the rib I4'and the downwardly 1. Ashaving head comprising a slotted stationary cutter, a movable cutterslidable in relation to said stationary cutter, a slotted 4guard memberpositioned on each side of said stationary cutter and the slots of saidguard members being in registration with the slots of said stationarycutter, a spacer member positioned intermediate i each said guard memberand the stationary cutter, and connecting means uniting said stationarycutter, guard members and spacer members into a single unit, andoverlapping portions kon said movable cutter and on said spacers toprevent the passage of shaving waste. f

2. In a dry shaver, a stationary cutter and a slotted movable cutter in`sliding contact therewith, said shaver having a'channel for conductingwaste from the slots of the movable cutter to the exterior of theshaver, said channel being limited to one side by a member havingl adischarge opening therein, at the top by said movable cutter, at thekbottom by a stationary member, and at the remaining side partly by themovprojecting legs I5, I `make the elementsIS separately from :the faceplate I0 and 'then-'associate *theA two by -a process such as` welding:In this `my invention'in .able cutter and by `said stationary member,land :means to prevent rthe passage of waste into `the interior of theshaver, saidzmeans comprising mutually overlapping portions on -saidcutter and saidstationary element.

3. A dry shaver having a central member of :inverted U-shape withcutting teeth extending `laterally from both sides of the U, va `guardmemberpositioned on Aeachiside of said central vportion and inparallel'relationthereto, theinner :wall of each said guard member beingat and :having a slotted `portion which is positioned in Acloseadjacency to said cutting teeth, a ,pair of .spacer members ofsubstantially uniform thick- `-ness disposed between each of said'guardmembers and the central member so as to ll thespace :therebetween exceptat the upper portion where :a'space is left, a cutter element'disposedwithin said space and Ihaving cutting teeth in slidable spacers and theleg of the U and :serving to unite them, yand overlapping portions on:said :cutter and on said spacer members, said overlapping portionspreventing the `passage of shaving waste. 4. In combinationin a dryshaver, a movable cutter having upstanding side walls, a pair oflongitudinally spaced Vwebs connecting said side walls, cutting teethyextending outwardly from 'said :side walls, flanges depending downwardlyfrom said side Walls and having their inner surfaces offset outwardlyfrom the inner surfaces of .said side walls, a stationary portionprovided with fcutting teeth adapted to cooperate with .the teeth of.thecutter to effect-a shearing-action, and said stationary portionbeing provided with upstanding flanges adapted'to engage the innersurfaces vof the flanges on the cutter in sliding contact,

'and 4to prevent the passage of shaving waste.

5. In a dry shaver, a face engagingshear plate,

`a rib :beneath said shear plate, legs :extending downwardly from saidrib at each "end thereof, Va

:cutter having spaced yside walls in .sliding .con-

tact with -saidfribon bothfsides thereof, imeans connecting said wallsand anges extending downwardly from said walls, said shear plate andsaid-.cutter having slidably contacting cooperat- .ing cuttingteeththereon, and said wall connecting Vmeans of said cutter being spacedfrom the .rib of the shear plate, a pair of members positioned lin closeContact to said rib on opposite sides thereof, and having flanges'projecting upwardly .therefrom into overlapping relation to ltheflanges of the cutter, whereby said overlapping flanges form a closurefor preventing the entrance of waste material into the space beneath therib of the shearplate.

6. In a dry shaver, a face engaging shear plate, a rib beneath saidshear plate and legs extending ldownwardly from said rib at each endthereof, a movable cutter having side walls adapted to engage'the saidrib on both sides thereof and web means connecting said walls andflanges extending downwardly from said walls, and anges .x-

'edly related to the shear plates and overlapping the flanges of thecutter so as to form a closure forpreventing the passage of shavingwaste.

7. In a dry, shaver a cutter having upstanding -side walls, 'a pair oflongitudinally spaced webs connecting said side walls, cutting teethextending outwardly from the upper ends of said side walls, and flangesdepending downwardly from said side walls and having their innersurfaces offset outwardly from the inner surfaces of said side walls.

8. Afmovable cutter for a dry shaver comprising a member 'of H-shapedtransverse cross-section and cutting teeth projecting outwardly from thelateral members of the H.

9. A movable cutter for a dry shaver comprising .a member of H-shapedtransverse crosssection and cutting teeth projecting outwardly from thelateral members of the H, `and the i transverse member being of lesslongitudinal ex- .tent than the lateral members.

GODFREY .DALKOWITZ.

